Sep 12, 2024

Wine classification: What is a protected designation of origin

The classification of wines is a fascinating and complex topic, which interests both wine enthusiasts and industry professionals alike. In Italy, home to some of the world’s most prestigious labels, the Protected designation of origin represents a hallmark of quality and tradition.
But what exactly does it mean? And what are the different classifications of Italian wines? Let’s find out together.

What are wine Protected Designations of origin (PDO)?

The Protected Designation of Origin is a classification system that certifies the geographic origin and quality of wines. In Italy, there are various types of designations that guarantee the origin and production method of wine, including PGI, DOC, and DOCG. These labels not only protect winemaking traditions but also offer consumers assurance of the product’s quality.

In this, the territory where the grapes destined to become fine wines are grown plays a crucial role in our cellars. The technical term used to describe the connection between soil, place of origin, and the wine’s organoleptic properties is terroir, which also encompasses the climatic conditions, cultivation methods, and production techniques that contribute to making a product unique.

Short history of the Designation of Origin

Even though the ancient Romans already recognized the importance of identifying and categorizing wines, the first regulations aimed at standardizing the origin of wines date back to the early 1900s.
In fact, the history of Designations of Origin in Italy officially began in 1963, with the introduction of the D.P.R. 930 of July 12th on the designation of origin for wines. The first Italian wine to be recognized as DOC (Controlled Designation of Origin) was the Vernaccia of San Gimignano. Since then, the system has evolved to include further classifications like DOCG (Controlled and Guaranteed Designation of Origin) and PGI (Protected Geographical Indication), each with specific production and control requirements.
Today, the wine denomination is regulated by EU regulation no. 1151/2012.

What does PGI mean?

PGI, an acronym for Protected Geographical Indication, refers to a wine produced in a specific geographic area, with at least one phase of production (grape cultivation, vinification) occurring in that region. PGI wines are known for their quality linked to the region of origin and represent a wide range of wines of various types.

What does DOC mean or DOCG mean?

DOC, or Controlled Designation of Origin, is a classification that indicates a wine produced in a specific area with strict production standards. To obtain the DOC status, a wine must comply with precise rules regarding the grape varieties used, cultivation and vinification methods, and must pass quality controls.
This label guarantees that the wine reflects the traditions and characteristics of the production area.

DOCG, which stands for Controlled and Guaranteed Designation of Origin, is the highest recognition for an Italian wine. In addition to meeting DOC requirements for at least 10 years, DOCG wines must pass additional quality and chemical tests. In fact, this designation is reserved for wines of superior quality with an established national and international reputation.

As of 2024, Italy has 78 wines designated with the DOCG denomination.

Wines without a Designation of Origin

Not all Italian wines fall under the PGI, DOC, or DOCG categories. There are wines that, despite not having a designation of origin, can still be of high quality. These wines are often labeled as “Table Wines” or “Varietal Wines.”

A few practical examples from Boroli wines

The Boroli winery, with a long winemaking tradition in the heart of the Langhe, offers a selection of wines that perfectly represent the Italian designations of origin. Here are a few detailed examples of our products:

Barolo: Barolo is one of Italy’s most renowned wines, holding the DOCG designation (Controlled and Guaranteed Designation of Origin). Produced exclusively with Nebbiolo grapes, Boroli’s Barolo is characterized by extraordinary complexity and a unique aging potential. It offers intense aromas of red fruit, spices, leather, and earthy notes on the nose, while on the palate, it is robust with structured tannins and a long, persistent finish. This wine represents the pinnacle of Piedmont’s winemaking tradition and is often paired with red meats, game, and aged cheeses.

Nebbiolo: Nebbiolo, with the DOC designation (Controlled Designation of Origin), is a wine that embodies the essence of the Nebbiolo grape. Compared to Barolo, Boroli’s Langhe Nebbiolo DOC is more accessible in terms of price and aging time, while still maintaining the quality and complexity that distinguish the wines from this region. Boroli’s Nebbiolo presents fruity notes of cherry and raspberry, accompanied by floral hints of rose and violet. On the palate, it is elegant and well-balanced, with soft tannins and lively acidity. It is a versatile wine, ideal for pairing with rich first courses, white meats, and semi-aged cheeses.

Chardonnay: Boroli’s Chardonnay is a DOC wine that combines the characteristics of the international grape variety with the unique terroir of the Langhe region. This white wine stands out for its freshness and complexity. On the nose, it offers aromas of tropical fruit, citrus, and light toasted notes from aging in wood. On the palate, it is full and round, with good structure and a persistent finish. Boroli’s Chardonnay is perfect as an aperitif or paired with fish dishes, seafood, white meats, and fresh cheeses.

The classification of wines and the Designations of Origin represent a fascinating world, rich in history and tradition. Knowing these classifications helps not only to better understand the quality of the wine, but also to appreciate the deep connection between the product and its terroir. If you are interested in finding out more about Boroli wines or would like to book a winery visit and Barolo tasting, please visit our website and contact us.

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